Toxicants & Fumigants
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Definitions–See Glossary
Toxicant–substance used to poison a problem animal, typically through ingestion.
Fumigant–gas used to poison a nuisance animal as it breathes.
General Use Pesticides (GUP) may be purchased over-the-counter.
Restricted Use Pesticides (RUP) require a pesticide applicator’s license to purchase and use.
Secondary poisoning-Injury to an organism that ate the animal that was poisoned originally.
Facts about Pesticides
- No one can guarantee where a poisoned animal will die.
- No pesticide can be called “SAFE”. You can only use pesticides more safely or less safely.
- Most negative incidents with toxicants and fumigants occur because the applicator failed to follow the instructions on the label.
Fumigants
1. Phosphine Gas
- Phostoxin– Degesch America
- Fumigation Management Plan (FMP) is required when using this product.
2. Charcoal-Potassium Nitrate
Used as a rodent fumigant in burrows, carbon (charcoal) formulated with several other pesticide active ingredients (sodium and potassium nitrates and sulfur), is used in pyrotechnic fumigant gas cartridge products. When a cartridge is ignited and placed in a pest burrow, it produces carbon monoxide and other gases that kill target pests.
Toxicants in Rodenticides
Anticoagulants
First Generation | Active Ingredient | Feeding |
Warfarin | Multi-feed | |
Chlorophacinone | Multi-feed | |
Diphacinone | Multi-feed | |
Second Generation | ||
Brodifacoum | Single Feed | |
Bromadiolone | Single Feed | |
Difenacoum | Single Feed | |
Difethialone | Single Feed |
Non-Anticoagulants
Active Ingredient | Feeding | Mode of Action |
Bromethalin | Single Feed | Interferes with the animal’s nervous system |
Cholecalciferol | Single Feed | Causes internal bleeding and kidney injury by increasing calcium levels to a lethal level |
Zinc Phosphide | Single Feed | Blocks cells from making energy, and the cells die |
Resources
Bait Station Use— Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln