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Theory of Integrated Pest Management

All organisms require three things to survive

1. Food
2. Water
3. Shelter or habitat

Remove an animal's access to any one of these elements and it will not survive. 

Integrated Pest Management utilizes the animal's life-cycle, its needs and the needs of the person suffering damage to create the most cost-effective plan to control the damage.

IPM recognizes that 100 percent damage control is often not practical. However, it does know that reducing the availability of food, water, shelter/habitat will go a long way to reducing the need for direct animal removal through trapping etc.

By taking into consideration, environmental impacts and client needs, IPM can find the best plan of action that balances all available requirements.

Sometimes control is simply accomplished by

1. Habitat modification, such as capping a chimney.
2. Timing of activities, such as when certain crops are planted.
3. Direct removal, such as trapping the offending animal.

No one method will be the best solution in every situation. Sometimes, the best method is the employment of multiple techniques to achieve the desired results.

The key is to recognize that there is no magic to wildlife damage management. Success is achieved by understanding the animal, its behavioral needs and what you need to achieve a reasonable satisfactory result.

Publications

Beasts Be-Gone--Cornell University IPM

Carnivore Damage Prevention Newsletter-Europe 

Dealing with Nuisance Wildlife (Outlines Homeowner Options)--University of Georgia

Fruit Tree Pests (rabbits, mice, birds, etc.) Handbook--University of Kentucky 

General Vertebrate Pests--Cornell University 

Land Owner's Guide to North American Predators--Utah State University-Berryman Inst.

Managing Nuisance Animals & Associated Damage Around Your Home--Univ. of Tennessee

Non-Chemical Control of Animal Pests--University of Minnesota